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Clinical Case 01

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What Is the Skeletal System?

The skeletal system is the body's internal framework. It is made up mainly of bones , along with joints, cartilage, ligaments, and other supporting tissues . Together, these structures give the body its shape, support its weight, protect important organs, and help the body move. An adult human skeleton normally contains 206 bones . Babies are born with more bones, many of which gradually fuse together as they grow. Main Functions of the Skeletal System The skeletal system performs several important functions: 1. Support Bones provide a strong framework that supports the body and helps maintain its shape and posture. 2. Protection Bones protect delicate internal organs from injury. For example: The skull protects the brain. The rib cage protects the heart and lungs. The vertebral column surrounds and helps protect the spinal cord. 3. Movement Bones work together with muscles and joints to produce movement. Muscles pull on bones through tendons, allowing us to wal...

Seizure-Like Episode in an 18-Year-Old Male: A Clinical Case Report

CLINICAL CASE 02 Suspected Seizure / Convulsive Syncope in an 18-Year-Old Male With Normal Follow-Up MRI and EEG 1. PATIENT PROFILE Age: 18 years Sex: Male Setting: Emergency department Relevant specialty: Neurology 2. CHIEF COMPLAINT The patient presented with: One episode of abnormal behavior associated with clenching of the hands Dizziness Pre-syncope 3. HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS An 18-year-old male presented to the emergency department following an episode of abnormal behavior associated with clenching of the hands. The episode was accompanied by dizziness and a sensation of pre-syncope. There was no reported tongue bite or upward rolling of the eyeballs. On initial evaluation, the patient was conscious and oriented. The clinical presentation raised the possibility of a seizure-like event versus convulsive syncope or myoclonic jerks. 4. INITIAL CLINICAL EXAMINATION General and Neurologi...

Submandibular Gland: Anatomy, Relations, Nerve Supply & Clinical Anatomy

BASIC ANATOMY The submandibular triangle lies between the inferior border of the mandible superiorly, the posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid muscles posteriorly and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle anteriorly (. The submandibular triangle must be distinguished from the submandibular ‘space’. It can be divided into three surgical planes from superficial to deep The submandibular gland is one of the three major paired salivary glands.For more information, see our guide to the Parotid Gland . It is a mixed salivary gland, with predominantly serous secretion and a smaller mucous component. .It is located beneath the floor of the mouth, around the posterior part of the mandible. .The gland is clinically important because its duct is closely related to the lingual nerve, and the gland is a common site of salivary stones (sialolithiasis). Location The submandibular gland lies mainly in the submandibular triangle of the neck. It wraps around the posterior ...

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